Monday, 30 November 2020

West Ham United’s Pablo Fornals Joins Team Ocean

Click here for Spanish translation.

Already adept at the role of linking the play between the defense and attack for West Ham United, midfielder Pablo Fornals—who grew up on the Spanish coast in de la Plana—is eager to link the world of fútbol and environmental action. Fornals spoke with Ocean Conservancy about what it was like growing up just steps from the Balearic Sea, how science and biology were among his favorite subjects in school and how the 2002 Prestige oil spill and the damage it inflicted upon Spain and its surrounding waters shaped his view on environmental issues.

A source of optimism for the Hammers on and off the pitch, he brings the same outlook to the climate crisis and the difference he and his fellow footballers can make in the effort to combat its effects.

Ocean Conservancy’s Senior Manager of International Government Relations, Luis Estévez-Salmerón, Ph.D., spoke to Fornals before West Ham’s 1 – 0 victory versus Sheffield United. Check out the highlights from their conversation below and read the Spanish translation of this.

It’s Always Sunny in Castellón de la Plana

“350 days a year, give or take,” says Fornals. With that much sunshine, it’s easy to understand why an estimated 13.7 million people visit the Balearic Islands and coast each year. With its crystal-clear waters and warm temperatures, the region is truly what some would call a dream destination. For Fornals, however, it’s not just a dream destination. It’s home. Growing up, he and his friends and family took full advantage of that sunshine, spending as much time as possible at the beach. Neighbors and community members even earned a living from the sea with fishing as a primary occupation for many.

Favorite School Subject: Science!

Ocean Conservancy enjoys connecting with people who believe in the power of science. While Fornals was in grade school, his interests naturally gravitated toward his science and biology classes, and he has maintained an interest in these subjects as he’s progressed through his career. Teaching students about the effects of climate change is critical to ensuring environmental conservation and resilience progress, and to hear Fornals speak about those subjects as such an essential part of his curriculum is incredibly encouraging.

In March of this year, Fornals paid a visit to a local Primary School to help celebrate World Book Day. Then, as part of the Players’ Project, Fornals participated in a Premier League Primary Stars session for Key Stage 2 pupils at the school, using his beloved sport to teach subjects ranging from geography to biology and even to drama.

West Ham United midfielder Pablo Fornals visits young students in class.
© West Ham United

No More Snow, The Prestige Oil Spill and Pollution

In 2002, a devastating 64,000 tons of heavy fuel oil spilled off the coast of Spain when the 26-year-old tanker, Prestige, sunk off the coast of Galicia. The toll on the area’s wildlife—from coral reefs to sharks and birds and more—and the communities dependent on our ocean bore the brunt of the disaster. This was one major factor that helped shape his views on the importance (and fragility) of the environment. Fornals also mentions learning about places where snow was once a regular occurrence that are now seeing warmer winters and vanishing snowfalls. Air quality issues have been on his mind as well; he noted significant pollution back in Spain in places like Madrid and Barcelona: “I’m passionate about the ocean, but also know that all of this is connected to climate change. We depend on all of these resources so it’s critical we find a way to solve this together.”

COP26 and English Premier League Clubs

 The U.K. will host COP26, the United Nation’s climate change conference, in Glasgow, Scotland in November 2021. This gathering is of monumental importance for the world’s climate agenda. By COP26, we need to see all countries come forward with more ambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas pollution. Ocean-based solutions can provide up to 21% of the emissions reductions we need in order to limit warming in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement, which will help us work to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.

As we work towards that moment, Luis asked Fornals his thoughts on what English Premier League teams and players can do to help drive climate action and awareness. For Fornals, this conversation was a first step for him and one he believes many other players are interested in taking, too. It really does make a difference when players are engaging on these issues and are supported by their clubs. Committed to reducing its environmental impact, West Ham does just that.

Alongside London Stadium, the Premier League and Sky’s Ocean Rescue campaign, the Club trialed reusable beer cups in 2019, keeping around 20,000 single-use plastic cups away from landfills at each of the four games. At the stadium, all the electricity used is sourced renewably. The building has a decentralized energy system and was built incredibly efficiently for the 2012 Olympics. It operates under a zero-waste-to-landfill status, meaning that all plastic, cardboard, wood, paper, aluminum, pallets and ink cartridges are sent for recycling and all food waste is directed to an anaerobic digester. Plastic straws, stirrers and cutlery have been removed from the location’s operations.

The Players’ Project now contains a strand of work focused on the environment. Moving forward, the Club’s players will act as ambassadors to promote environmental initiatives, working with club partners to maximize their reach.

Recently, the Club’s Foundation has gone into schools to work on environmental educational sessions with students, broadening children’s awareness of the importance of sustainability.

Ride the Tube, Reduce Emissions

“What can I do?” This is a question so many of us ask when thinking about what we can do to turn the tide on the climate crisis. Before the pandemic, one of the best things you could do to combat carbon emissions was take public transportation (if it was available). The London Underground, one of the most frequently used rail systems in the world, is a great way that locals and visitors can work to reduce emissions. As an avid rider of public transport, Fornals is already doing his due diligence in this area.

Favorite Road Trips

One of the perks of being a professional footballer is the international passion for the game, which allows for matches to happen in stadiums all across the globe. Having played professionally in Spain, with the Spanish National team and now in England, Fornals has traveled to many of what could be considered some of the world’s top destinations. His favorite of all his trips: preseason matches in South America, specifically in Argentina, Uruguay and Colombia. The preseason backdrop allows for him to spend more time with his teammates on the ground and creates the comradery needed to compete for an entire season.

Much like these three countries and countless other countries around the world, we are all living through the impacts of climate change on a daily basis. With people like Fornals linking more supporters to this cause, it’s without a doubt that we have a newfound reason to be optimistic. As an international footballer, he’s aware of the power his platform can provide. He looks at what Ocean Conservancy’s organizational mission is and realizes something important and moving:

 “I look at this not just as a player, but a human being who depends on a healthy environment … and I want to do my part to leave the world in better shape for the generations behind us.”

Keep up with Pablo Fornals here and West Ham United here.

Translation: Español

Pablo Fornals, jugador del West Ham United está comprometido con la lucha contra el cambio climático y se une al Team Ocean

Mediocampista de los Hammers e internacional español conversa con Luis Estévez-Salmerón de Ocean Conservancy sobre su experiencia creciendo en la costa española y más

Acostumbrado a conectar jugadas entre la defensa y el ataque para el West Ham United, el mediocampista Pablo Fornals, quien creció en Castellón de la Plana, está ansioso de conectar el mundo del fútbol con la acción medioambiental. Pablo compartió parte de su tiempo para conversar con Ocean Conservancy sobre cómo fue su niñez creciendo a pasos del Mar Balear, cómo la ciencia y la biología estaban entre sus materias favoritas en la escuela y cómo el derrame de petróleo del Prestige en el 2002, y el daño que causó en España y las zonas colindantes, influenciaron su perspectiva sobre temas medioambientales. Una fuente de optimismo para los Hammers dentro y fuera de la cancha, Pablo trata de llevar esta misma actitud a la lucha contra la crisis climática y a la forma en que él y sus compañeros futbolistas pueden ayudar en estos esfuerzos.

Luis Estévez-Salmerón, Ph.D., gerente senior de relaciones internacionales de gobierno para Ocean Conservancy conversó con Pablo antes de la victoria 1-0 de los Hammers ante el Sheffield United.

Esta siempre soleado en Castellón de la Plana

350 días al año más o menos, dice Pablo. Con ese número de días soleados, es fácil de entender por qué 13.7 millones de personas visitan la costa e Islas Baleares cada año. Con sus aguas claras y sus temperaturas templadas es un destino idlico. Para pablo es su hogar. Pablo y sus amigos y familia lo han aprovechado pasando la mayor cantidad de tiempo posible en la playa. Muchos de sus vecinos y miembros de la comunidad ganan su sustento de actividades relacionadas al mar, siendo la pesca una de las actividades principales para muchos.

Su materia favorite en la escuela….CIENCIA!

Ocean conservancy disfruta conectarse a personas que creen en el poder de la ciencia. Mientras Pablo cursaba su escuela primaria, se inclinaba por las ciencias y la bióloga y ha mantenido siempre ese interés a través de su carrera. Enseñarle a estudiantes sobre cambio climático es crítico para avanzar y escuchar a Pablo hablar de estos temas es motivante.

En Marzo de este año, Pablo visitó una escuela primaria durante la celebración del Dia Mundial del Libro.

Como parte del Player’s Project (Proyecto de jugadores), Pablo participó una sesión de la Liga Premier de Estrellas Primarias con los pupilos del nivel 2 de la escuela, usando al fútbol para enseñarles materias desde la geografía a la biología y las artes dramáticas.

No más nieve, El Derrame de petroleo del Prestige, Contaminación

En el 2002, 64,000 toneladas de combustible pesado se derramó en la costa de España cuando el buque petrolero Prestige se hundió cerca de la costa de Galicia. El impacto que esto tuvo en la vida silvestre en el área – hogar de arrecifes de coral, tiburones, pájaros y una comunidad dependiente del océano – fue devastador e influenció su visión sobre asuntos ambientales.   Pablo nos comenta sobre lugares donde la nieve era común que ahora están experimentando inviernos más cálidos y con escasa o sin nieve. También nos habla sobre la calidad del aire, enfatizando que en España, en lugares como Madrid y Barcelona: “Soy apasionado acerca del océano pero también sé que todo esto está conectado al cambio climático. Dependemos de todos estos recursos por lo que es crítico que encontremos una forma de solucionar esto juntos.”

COP26 y los Clubes de la Liga Premier

El Reino Unido será anfitrión de la COP26, la conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climatico en Glasgow, a partir del 21 de Noviembre del próximo año. Esta reunión es de una importancia monumental para definir la agenda internacional sobre cambio climático. Hacia la COP26, necesitamos que todos los países anuncien compromisos más ambiciosos para reducir las emisiones de gases con efecto invernadero. Las soluciones basadas en el océano pueden proveer hasta un 21% de las reducciones de emisiones que son necesarias para limitar el calentamiento global en línea a el Acuerdo de Paris, lo que nos permitiría prevenir los impactos más severos del cambio climático.

A medida que avancemos a ese momento, Luis le preguntó a Pablo por sus ideas sobre cómo la Liga Premier y sus jugadores podían apoyar a impulsar acción climática y concientización. Para Pablo, esta conversación fue era un primer paso y uno que el cree muchos otros jugadores estarían interesados en sumarse. Hace una gran diferencia cuando jugadores como Pablo son apoyados por sus clubes en participar de este tipo de esfuerzos y el West Ham United hace exactamente eso y se ha comprometido a reducir su impacto ambiental.

Junto al London Stadium, la Liga Premier y la Campaña Rescate del Océano de Sky, el Club ha probado el uso de vasos reusables en el 2019, evitando que 20,000 vasos desechables lleguen a vertederos en 4 de los partidos.

En el London Stadium, toda la electricidad proviene de fuentes renovables. El estadio tiene un sistema descentralizado de energía y fue construido eficientemente para las Olimpiadas del 2012.

El estadio opera bajo un estatus de cero de basura al vertedero (zero-waste-to-landfill), y envía todos los desechos plásticos, cartón, madera, papel, aluminio, paletas de madera y cartuchos de tinta para que sean reciclados. Los desechos de alimentos se envían a un digeridor anaeróbico. Los sorbetos plásticos, palitos plásticos para revolver el café y utensilios plásticos desechables se han eliminado.

El Proyecto de Jugadores (Player’s Project) contiene una línea de trabajo enfocada en el medioambiente. Mirando al futuro, los jugadores del Club actuarán como embajadores para promover iniciativas medioambientales, trabajando con partners para maximizar su llegada con la gente.

En tiempos recientes, la Fundación del Club ha visitado escuelas para implementar sesiones pedagógicas enfocadas en temas medioambientales con niños, para concientizarlos sobre el por qué son importantes los temas de sostenibilidad. 

Tomando el Tren, Reduciendo Emisiones

¿Qué puedo hacer? Esa es una pregunta que todos nos hacemos al considerar las opciones para revertir la crisis climática. Antes de la pandemia, una de las mejores opciones, dentro de lo posible, era utilizar el transporte público. El London Underground, uno de los sistemas de ferrocarriles más utilizado en el mundo, es una gran opción para  londinenses y visitantes que quieren reducir sus emisiones y, como usuario habitual, Pablo hace su parte.

Viajes Favoritos

Una de las ventahas de ser un futbolista professional, es la pasión por el juego, lo que hace posible partidos en estadios alrededor del mundo. Habiendo jugado profesionalmente en España, con la Selección Española de Fútbol, y ahora en Inglaterra, Pablo ha visitado muchos de los mejores destinos alrededor del mundo. ¿Sus viajes favortios? Pretemporadas en Sudamérica. Específicamente, Argentina, Uruguay y Colombia. La pretemporada le permite a los jugadores pasar más tiempo con sus compañeros y genera la unidad necesaria para competir una temporada entera.

Como esos tres países y otros países en todos los continentes, todos estamos experimentando los efectos del cambio climático y con gente como Pablo ayudando a reclutar a más aficionados a esta causa, tenemos muchas razones para estar optimistas. Como jugador internacional, Pablo está consciente del poder que su plataforma le entrega y analiza cuál es su rol y comenta que “Yo veo esto no sólo como jugador, sino también como ser humano que depende de un ambiente saludable y quiero hacer mi parte para dejar un mundo mejor para las generaciones que vienen detrás de nosotros.”

Sigue a Pablo Fornals y al West Ham United.

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Wednesday, 25 November 2020

To the Ocean Defenders in the U.S. Federal Government, with Gratitude

At Ocean Conservancy, it is our great privilege to come to work every day and focus on ways we can protect our ocean from some of the greatest global challenges because a healthy ocean means abundant wildlife, thriving communities and a resilient planet.

We share this sense of privilege and purpose with the dedicated scientists, lawyers, oceanographers and other civil servants at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

They are important partners in our joint ocean mission and while we may not always agree on everything, we hold them in deep regard as professionals that strive to deliver results in the face of daunting threats.

In offices and laboratories, on boats and docks around the country, they work from within the U.S. government to make our beaches and estuaries cleaner, our fish stocks and endangered species more abundant, keep us safe from extreme weather systems and to monitor the vital signs of the ocean—the heart and lungs of our blue planet. Learn more here about #TheMoreYouNOAA

Their jobs have not been easy during the past few years. Political appointees in the Trump administration have often overturned and overruled science-based decisions and policies. Climate deniers were put in decision-making roles on climate action. Illegal overfishing of Gulf of Mexico red snapper was allowed. Drastic budget cuts were proposed for essential NOAA programs like Sea Grant. And who can forget #sharpiegate?

And now, civil servants at NOAA and other federal agencies who work on policy are under attack. A recent executive order removed many of the protections that have always been in place for these scientists, managers, and analysts. It sent waves of fear throughout the government workforce. Employees who have been working for decades on ocean conservation, through multiple presidencies of both parties, now have to fear that by simply doing their jobs and following the rule of law they will face being arbitrarily fired, reassigned or interfered with by political appointees.

NOAA-Buoy
Tsunami warning buoy recovery. © LCDR Mark Wetzler, NOAA Ship FAIRWEATHER.

As the Biden-Harris administration takes office in January 2021, and we advocate strongly for a return to science-based decisions, a renewed commitment to protecting our ocean and strong action on climate change. Along with those priorities, we also call on the new administration to restore the faith and trust of these dedicated civil servants. Their dedication, knowledge and hard work are essential for meeting the challenges ahead for our ocean and marine life.

We must end political interference and strengthen legal protections so that they can do their jobs with integrity. In this season of giving thanks, we are deeply grateful to the civil servants at NOAA and throughout the federal government who continue to give their best for our ocean.

From all of us on Team Ocean: thank you.  

NOAA-FishingLine
Sampling beach seine catch. Alaska, Southeast. © David Csepp, NOAA/NMFS/AKFSC/Auke Bay Lab

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Tuesday, 24 November 2020

Senate Releases NOAA Funding Bill

The lame duck session is in full swing, and soon the nation’s 116th Congress will come to a close. There will be some new faces in the 117th Congress. In that context, the Senate has unveiled their funding proposal for NOAA and other government agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 which, despite beginning back in October, has been operating under last year’s funding levels through a Continuing Resolution (CR). The CR keeps the government funded through December 11, 2020 and the Senate and House are working towards a final negotiated package by that deadline. During this time of change, the Senate’s proposal is a sign of continued bipartisan support for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and its vital programs. Moving forward into negotiations, we are urging appropriations leadership to work towards a robust final spending package that maintains some of the increases that have been proposed while ensuring that there are no cuts—and more importantly no eliminations—of critical NOAA programs. 

Back in February, President Trump maintained his tradition of proposing deep, damaging cuts to NOAA funding. The House of Representatives again rejected those cuts and chose instead to invest in our nation’s blue economy. Facing continued economic headwinds, the Senate signaled bipartisan support for NOAA and the programs that benefit our coastal communities and economies. One example is Sea Grant, which supports research and outreach from local universities addressing ocean, coastal and Great Lakes issues on a state level. The Senate “roundly rejects the administration’s proposed elimination” of Sea Grant, and increases the program’s funding to $76 million. Other programs that the Senate proposal would increase funding to include:

  • Coastal Management Grants, allocating $78.5 million towards projects to restore and sustainably develop our oceans and coasts in all of our coastal and Great Lakes states
  • Regional Data Portals, which would see an increase to $3 million, allowing regions to better coordinate decisions in our ocean through stakeholder communications and using the most up-to-date data
  • Fisheries Data Collections, Surveys and Assessments, which helps guide our scientific understanding on sustainable fish stocks, would increase to $176 million
  • Integrated Ocean Acidification would increase to $15 million, seeking to address the ecological impacts of ocean acidification that have caused very real economic impacts on so many

While there were increases in the Senate bill, there were some negative aspects of their proposal that could have damaging impacts. The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), which helps fund collaborations between the government, industry and academia to advance important ocean research, would be eliminated under the Senate proposal. Eliminating a program like NOPP will have tangible and cascading effects on other things that NOAA works on and that our coastal communities rely on. It is critical that this elimination is rejected as the House and Senate negotiate the final spending package for Fiscal Year 2021. As Ocean Conservancy has made clear with our “The More You NOAA” series, individual NOAA programs don’t just support programs that are independent of each other—all NOAA programs are interconnected.

Kealan Burke
© Kealan Burke

When Fiscal Year 2021 began in October, the House and Senate bought themselves a bit more time to work on appropriations, with a Continuing Resolution that expires on December 11, 2020. Now, as the 116th Congress winds down, it is incumbent on them to fully fund the NOAA programs that protect our ocean resources and benefit the communities and economies that rely on them.

For more information and opportunities to engage throughout the budget process (debate over Fiscal Year 2022 begins in a few months!), sign up to receive email updates from Ocean Conservancy.

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Monday, 23 November 2020

An Ocean of Gratitude

Thanksgiving looks a little different this year. We know that many plans have been interrupted and people are opting to do things differently to protect family and friends.  And yet, some things remain the same: this is a time for giving thanks. It’s also a time to reflect on the historic realities of the holiday. I’ve been learning more about what this holiday means for our Native American friends and colleagues. I am committed to continuing the conversation in order for us all to feel seen and heard. If you want to learn more, I encourage you to read this article, which I found very helpful in reframing Thanksgiving in context of its history.

2020 has been quite a year, to say the least. We’ve faced a global pandemic, a contentious election and unprecedented economic and social challenges. Things have been hard, and continue to be hard, for families and communities around the world.

But despite all of that—and because all of that—we have seen incredible examples of compassion, love and resilience. We’ve seen people wearing masks to protect each other, waiting in long lines to exercise their right to vote and rallying for the rights of Black, indigenous and other people of color.

We’ve also seen great wins for our ocean. I am in awe of those who have continued to advocate for our ocean throughout this trying year, including my wonderful colleagues at Ocean Conservancy and dedicated supporters like you. This is no small feat, especially in the time of an administration that has pushed for anti-ocean and anti-climate policies.

In a COVID world, we still found creative and safe ways to help our ocean. Meetings shifted from in-person chats to Zoom calls, where we talked with policymakers about protecting the Arctic from increased shipping. Our annual International Coastal Cleanup shifted from big groups to small, socially-distanced volunteers who used the Clean Swell app to track the amount of trash and plastic they collected. And dedicated supporters like YOU took action to protect critical environmental legislation like the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by making your voice heard to policy makers.

I am thankful that throughout this challenging year, people continued to help our ocean—and each other. The health of our planet is inexplicably tied with the health of its people, and this year has brought a renewed commitment to ensuring a just and equitable future for all. To truly solve the many issues facing our ocean, we must prioritize racial justice. I am thankful to all those committed to integrating justice, equity, diversity and inclusion in their work, and look forward to continuing this fight in 2021 and beyond.

As we look towards a new year, we are also looking towards a new administration. After a long and stressful election season, Americans came out in record numbers to elect Joe Biden as the next President of the United States. After four years of egregious policies that have hurt our ocean and disproportionately impacted people of color, Ocean Conservancy is ready to work with the new administration and Congress to help re-establish the United States as a global leader in ocean conservation and a meaningful actor on climate change—the single greatest threat facing our ocean. As an incredibly difficult year comes to an end, we are hopeful for the future and committed to our mission: creating science-based solutions for a healthy ocean and the wildlife and communities that depend on it.

The effects of this virus and this contentious political climate have spared no one, and it is understandable that people are hurt, tired and uncertain. And yet, people are working hard every day to make a better world for all of us—including a healthier ocean and more just planet. This year, I’m grateful for moments of kindness and hope for the future in these trying times. Most of all, I am grateful for the passion and dedication of ocean lovers like you.

From all of us, I wish you and your loved ones a happy, healthy and safe Thanksgiving.

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Friday, 20 November 2020

Remaining Vigiliant in the Face of COVID-19

As I look at the news this week, I realize that it’s been a long year and a longer month (and we’re only halfway through November!). We made it through a challenging election season, to now face the concerning and rapid increase in COVID-19 cases across the United States. Here in Oregon, where I am writing, Governor Brown has implemented what she is calling a “freeze”—restricting social activities and closing some businesses entirely to prevent the virus from spreading further as we head into the holiday season.

All of us at Ocean Conservancy are sending our support and well-wishes during these unprecedented—and yes, concerning—times. We are also sending a huge thank you and an ocean of gratitude to frontline workers, including those in the health care, research, service and transportation sectors. After a long year, people are understandably eager to be with family and friends for the upcoming holidays. And yet, we need to remember how we entered this pandemic and do everything we can to #FlattentheCurve.

The last two weeks have been the worst for the United States since the pandemic began. According to the COVID Tracking Project, the United States has more than 11 million cases and more than 239,000 deaths. At this point, almost everyone knows someone who has been touched by the virus. Black, brown, Indigenous and people of color are being hit hardest by the pandemic; recent research shows that Black people are twice as likely to be afflicted by the virus as white people. As we head into the holidays, it’s important to be vigilant.

Ocean Conservancy is a science-based organization, and scientists and experts are telling us to stay home, keep six feet apart when around others, wash our hands frequently, limit any indoor gatherings to small groups, preferably people in your “bubble” or household and to wear a mask when out in public. As CEO, my first priority is reducing the risk of exposure for staff—and I am encouraging everyone to follow the advice of health care professionals so we can #FlattentheCurve this winter.

While COVID-19 affects all of our lives, the challenges facing our ocean and the wildlife and communities that rely on it have not diminished. As I mentioned at the start of this pandemic, we are incredibly fortunate that we can largely continue our ocean conservation work (with the creative use of technology, social media and other tools) thanks to our dedicated staff, partners and supporters like you.

When I talk about ocean conservation to staff, friends and supporters, I often talk about the long-term, big picture—something that Ocean Conservancy is known for and is the hallmark of our durable ocean conservation work. Although at times the trials facing our ocean may seem insurmountable, I know that by working together we can protect our ocean and those who depend on it. I feel the same way about COVID-19: the heartening news this week about potential vaccines indicates that there is light at the end of the tunnel, but we still have a ways to go—we need to be vigilant and take steps to protect ourselves, and our families, friends and neighbors while the risk is great.

We will get through this, together. I encourage you all to be safe this holiday season, and look after yourselves and others.

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Thursday, 19 November 2020

A Manatee Moment

I will never forget the first time I saw a manatee. I was staying with my grandmother and with a wide smile over breakfast she told me she had a surprise for me. She took me to a park where the water was warm and the manatees floated serenely below. We were both silent for a long time, delighted to watch these incredible creatures up close. I was spellbound and allowed time to slow as I appreciated these wonders. Even though my grandmother sees these beautiful animals every week, her face matched mine with its look of awe.

It’s easy to see why manatees have entranced so many—these gentle giants and their cousins have inspired storytellers all over the world. Manatees belong to the order Sirenia, named because these creatures might have inspired the legend of the siren—a mythical being that enchanted sailors. Manatees occasionally stand on their tail which makes them look even more humanlike floating below the surface. Skeletons of manatees were even brought back to Europe as proof of the existence of mermaids.

Humans have been entranced by these incredible creatures far before the myth of the mermaid was first told. Dugongs, a cousin of the manatee, were found in a 3,000-year-old cave drawing in Palau where myths about young women transforming into these magical creatures have been passed down. Dugong is in fact a Malay word that means “lady of the sea.”

RyanM.Bolton.ShutterStock_Manatee_Email
© Ryan M. Bolton/Shutterstock

In West Africa, the manatee was inspiration for the legend of Mami Wata, a spirit of the sea and the mother of waters. Mami Wata is often depicted as a woman and, like a mermaid, she is half human, half fish. She brings good fortune to those who worship her. Manatees also play a role in the traditional religion of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. They are considered the guardians of the secrets of the future. They also believe in Mindess, a female protector, who comes to humans in the shape on a manatee.

Manatees have inspired us for generations and remind me of the power and wonder of our ocean. I have never needed a manatee moment more than now to remind me to slow down and appreciate the incredible wildlife we have here on this planet. Sometimes all it takes is a single glimpse of one of the amazing creatures we are lucky enough to share the planet with to stop you in your tracks and fill you with wonder and awe.

Whenever I see a photo of the gentle face of a manatee it takes me back to that moment with my grandmother, entranced by these incredible animals. It connects me to the stories of humans throughout history who knew there was magic in our ocean and felt the call to protect it.

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Wednesday, 18 November 2020

5 Fabulous Facts About Hogfish

You’ve heard of catfish. You’ve heard of lionfish. And you’ve probably heard of frogfish, too.

But have you ever heard of hogfish? I certainly hadn’t, but as someone with the last name Hogge (yes, it’s pronounced like the animal), I knew once I learned about this adorably odd critter that I simply had to write about it. Fasten your seatbelts, friends, because I’m about to take you on a fact safari into the wild and wonderful world of Lachnolaimus maximus: the hogfish.

They’re named for their snouts.

Much like their nickname counterparts on land, hogfish have elongated snouts that earned them their namesake. This lengthy nose has a specific purpose: they’re specifically designed to help them forage for food. Hogfish absolutely love to snack on mollusks and crustaceans, and one of the best places to find them is buried in the sand at the seafloor. In a behavior known as rooting, they use their snouts to burrow into the sand and rummage around for these crunchy critters to munch on.

They can be pretty big fish.

These oval-shaped fish can vary in size, but are typically quite hefty, with larger individuals weighing up to around 22 pounds. To put that into perspective, that’s about the size of a dachshund, although there are some reports of hogfish that have been even bigger than that.

These fish have incredibly vibrant eyes.

hogfish
© Sander van der Wel / Wikimedia Commons.

As you can see, hogfish are show-stoppers in the looks department, boasting quite vivacious coloration. Their appearance, however, is often variable depending on their age, sex and primary location. While they typically range in color from a reddish brown to a pale grey or yellow, there’s one trait about them that’s undoubtedly jaw-dropping: their eyes. With fiery-red irises, the eyes of these fish are truly a spectacle to observe.

Mostly all hogfish are females at birth.

Yes, you read that correctly! Here’s the deal: hogfish are what’s known as protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning that they have the ability to switch from female to male once they grow to be large enough. They’re also known to hang out in little polygamous groups, with a single male spending time with (and pursuing, if you will) multiple females.

They need our help.

Phillip Hamilton:Coral Reef Image Bank
© Phillip Hamilton/Coral Reef Image Bank
As marvelously charismatic as these fish are, they’re also overfished in part of their range, which extends from up to around North Carolina and Bermuda down to the northern tip of South America, as well as in and around the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Fishery managers in the U.S. have implemented management measures for fishermen seeking to catch hogfish, and there is a rebuilding plan in place to bring the overfished stock back to healthy levels. Today, you can help make sure that hogfish and other vulnerable species are protected, replenished and well-managed for years to come. Be sure to visit our Sustainable Fisheries program page to learn all about our important work to conserve important marine resources and the gifts our blue planet provides us!

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Friday, 13 November 2020

These Creepy Ocean Creatures Are the Stuff of Nightmares

When it comes to the creatures that call our ocean home, the first that may come to mind are probably magnificent whales, slow-swimming turtles or countless fish species. But our ocean is home to a mind-blowing number of incredibly diverse species, and not all of them are quite as charismatic as the well-loved iconic animals we’ve come to associate most closely with the sea.

From the deepest trenches of the sea to intertidal zones just off our coastlines, there are some lifeforms thriving in our ocean that are anything but cute and charming. Ready to meet some of our blue planet’s creepiest critters? Here are some of the absolute most *spine-chilling* marine invertebrates that call our ocean home. Read on to learn about just four of these most spook-tacular specimens of the sea.

Skeleton Shrimp

When I first laid my eyes on a photo of a skeleton shrimp, my first thought that followed was simple: there simply could not be a more appropriate name for this chillingly skeletal specimen. I quickly changed my mind when I learned that they’re also sometimes called the “praying mantises of the sea,” which seems less sinister to me (but I digress). If you look closely, you’ll notice that these crustaceans have tiny yet incredibly strong claws, which they use to reach out and grab prey when they’re least expecting it. These amphipods are typically small, normally reaching no more than around an eighth of an inch to two inches or so. Their usual go-to foods are things like algae and detritus (particles of dead matter that fall to the seafloor). These tiny critters are chilling to look at on a magnified level. Don’t believe me? The footage above from National Geographic just may change your mind!

Sea Spider

When I first learned of these spiders of the sea (which aren’t actually even spiders), I of course expected them to look similar to the arachnids that walk on land … but I did NOT expect them to have bodies reminiscent of the horrifying spider monsters from Stranger Things. The appearance of these creatures isn’t the only thing about them that will take you aback. These arthropods have what’s known as a proboscis: a type of elongated appendage that they use to suck up their food, slurping up energy by “sucking” nutrient-packed fluids out of sea jellies, worms and more. If you said, “ick,” don’t worry, I think that’s probably most people’s reaction. Science can be incredibly impressive sometimes … but it can also be disgusting, too.

Zombie Worm

Zombie worms? Yes, you read that right, and I truly do not think there could be a more apt set of nicknames for these creepy little critters. Thriving in the deepest parts of our ocean, these invertebrates also go by the nickname “bone-eating worms,” because they quite literally have a very specific preference when it comes to food. It’s important to know that these little worms don’t actually consume bones, however. Here’s what a daily meal for them looks like: when a dead whale or carcass of another large animal falls from the upper water columns to the seafloor, these worms play a very specific and important role in the biological breakdown of the creature’s remains. When it’s time to eat, these creepy-crawlers perforate the surface of the deceased host’s skeletal remains, utilizing acids to penetrate the outer layers of the bone to access the lipids that reside within the bone marrow. While this form of consumption may seem absolutely horrifying at first, it’s important to remember the critical part these zombie worms play in the cycle of life within our ocean. They are uniquely designed to thrive on bones, ensuring that the natural process of decomposition not only takes its course in an effective and efficient manner but also in a way that provides sustenance to other life forms on our planet.

Bloodybelly Comb Jelly

If you’re ready to learn about a truly morbid marine species, allow me to introduce you to this spectacularly scary ctenophore.  As you can see, the bloodybelly comb jelly gets its name from its belly that’s reminiscent of—you guessed it—blood. With a deep crimson coloration and mesmerizing movements, this ctenophore drifts through the waters of our ocean with majestic (and slightly petrifying) grace. But don’t be fooled, friends, because these jellies are anything but gentle or benign. Dubbed by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) as “voracious predators,” these comb jellies have seemingly unquenchable appetites, primarily feasting on a menu of copepods, young fish and the larvae of various marine species. They’ve even been known to consume some of their ctenophore cousins if they can manage to wrangle them, too! Another fascinating factoid: apparently, their deep red coloration is intended to mask the glow of any creatures they consume that may be bioluminescent, so as to not let other prey know that they’re dangerous. Sneaky, Mr. bloodybelly comb jelly. VERY sneaky.


Well, friend … which of these creatures creeped you out the most? For me, it was definitely the sea spider! While so many of these species may send chills up your spine, don’t forget that every single one of these animals plays a special and important role in the delicate balance of life within the sea. Interested in learning more about the wild, wonderful (and somethings weird) life forms that call our ocean home? Be sure to follow along with us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram with all sorts of fun facts about our blue planet.

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Thursday, 12 November 2020

Skating on Thin Ice in the Arctic

As each day’s headlines clamor for our attention, it’s hard to know what to focus on. But sometimes there is a signal so strong it can’t be ignored amidst the noise.

This year, for the first time in recorded history, the main nursery of Arctic sea ice off Siberia has not yet frozen as of early November. The Laptev Sea in the Russian Arctic is key to annual ice formation across the northern pole. Ice formed in the Laptev Sea typically feeds the system by transporting nutrients westward for Arctic plankton, which in turn supports the fish and marine mammals farther up the food web.

Gif showing correlation between temperatures and sea ice extent in the Siberian Arctic
Mean Arctic sea ice extent for October, 2020. The magenta line shows the median extent of sea ice from 1981-2010, and visibly brackets this year’s vast area of open water in the Siberian Arctic. The animated temperature overlay shows the strong overlap between this year’s abnormally warm surface air temperatures and the lack of sea ice formation for the same month.

Thin or late ice formation is unfortunately becoming the new norm. Average ice thickness in the Arctic is 50% of what it was in the 1980s. With ice loss, the ocean absorbs more solar radiation, global warming is amplified, circulation patterns shift and food webs are altered. From the smallest to the biggest, from phytoplankton to Indigenous people, sea ice loss is making it difficult to find food and survive in the Arctic Ocean.

The mechanisms for the delayed freeze this fall are clear. Northern Siberia experienced a record-breaking heatwave in 2020. From January to June, temperatures in northern Russia were more than 5° Celsius/ 9° Fahrenheit above average (and peaked at a record high of 38° Celsius / 100° Fahrenheit). The Arctic system is struggling to cope with the residual heat. Through a process called “Atlantification,” warmer Atlantic water is creeping to the surface in Arctic waters and melting the ice further.

Graph showing the sea ice extent of the Siberian Arctic with a decrease in sea ice decline over recent years.
This graph shows sea ice extent during the early ice formation months of October, November and December by year in the Siberian Arctic. As indicated by the orange line, sea ice formation in 2020 lagged considerably behind all other years in the time series. The Siberian Arctic is comprised of the East Siberian, Laptev and Kara seas, as shown in the inset map.

2020 has been rough. If this year has taught us anything, it’s that we will continue to see surprising changes and disruptions near and far. These changes can happen quickly. At home, we may respond by simplifying our lives to minimize additional stresses. We take control of what we can. Reducing our carbon footprint contributes directly to global greenhouse gas emission reductions. Responsible consumption supports sustainable seafood and reduces trash going into our ocean.

We must do the same for the Arctic. When sea ice and the food web are shrinking, we must minimize cumulative stresses we are putting on the Arctic ecosystem by putting precautionary measures in place to manage shipping, fishing and offshore oil and gas activities. We should follow the lead of Indigenous people protecting their lands, waters and cultures. We cannot control everything, but we must take action wherever we can make a difference.

In short, our choices can give the Arctic a fighting chance to stay abundant and resilient to protect our planet and homes for future generations.

For additional details and media coverage on this topic, here are some useful references:

Russian Arctic Sea Fails to Freeze | The Moscow Times

Climate change made Siberian heatwave 600 times more likely – study | The Guardian 

Arctic amplification is caused by sea-ice loss under increasing CO2 | Nature Communications

Ocean Waves in November—in the Arctic | National Snow & Ice Data Center

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Tuesday, 10 November 2020

The Wolffish is Weird-Looking and Wonderful

Think about wolves. Are you picturing fierce, powerful, majestic animals that lope gracefully through the landscape?

Wolffish are … not like that. Think less Call of the Wild and more Nightmare Before Christmas.

They might not be as classically captivating as their terrestrial namesakes, but they are still very cool critters. Today we’re taking a deeper look at these one-of-a-kind fish.

The name “wolffish” can refer to any one of five species in the family Anarhichadidae, which includes the wolf-eel and the Atlantic, spotted, Bering and northern wolffish. The scientific name for the Atlantic wolffish contains lupus, which is the Latin word for “wolf.” The largest species is the wolf-eel, which can grow to more than seven feet long.

The family name comes from the Greek word anarrhichesis, which means “to climb,” but these animals are typically pretty sluggish. That is partially because they live in cold, deep waters that slow their metabolism down and make it harder to make fast movements. Wolffish are found in the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans at depths up to 2,000 feet. They like to hide out in nooks and crannies of rocky outcrops on the ocean floor.

Wolffish have one main thing in common with wolves: they have sharp teeth and strong jaws that help them rip apart their prey. Their teeth are so prominent that some poke out their mouths (picture a vampire in need of braces). They use these chompers to dig into the sediment for food and to break apart the hard shells of clams, urchins, crabs and more. Other than their sharp teeth, you can recognize them by their long, eel-like bodies.

wolffish teeth
© Kamil Porembiński / Flickr

Wolffish have another trick up their sleeves (fins?) to survive in cold waters. They produce a special antifreeze protein that lowers the freezing point of the fluids in their bodies. These proteins bind to small ice crystals and prevent them from growing in the wolffish. One study showed that wolffish species that stay in shallower waters have five times the antifreeze proteins than their deep-sea wolffish relatives because shallow-water habitats are more likely to freeze.

If you weren’t impressed with the wolffish enough: they are dedicated parents, too! They typically live alone, but during breeding season they form bonded pairs to reproduce (some are even thought to mate for life). Females will lay thousands, or even tens of thousands, of eggs, then both the male and the female defend the eggs until they hatch. The offspring take a long time to develop, and often don’t reach sexual maturity until they are five years or older. The spotted wolffish, for example, isn’t ready to mate until they are seven!

Wolffish may not be the prettiest fish in the sea, but there is much more to them than meets the eye. Want to learn more about weird and wonderful fish? Check out the red-lipped batfish, the frogfish and the gulper eel!

wolffish
© Gaellery / Flickr

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Guest Blog: The environment is healing – can we sustain that when travel ramps up?

This week’s guest blog comes from our friends at ZuBlu. Specialising in underwater adventure travel, ZuBlu exists so you can search, discover and book without the fuss. With over 500 eco-friendly resorts, liveaboards and dive centres to choose from, ZuBlu brings you the very best sustainable ocean adventures in Asia and beyond. Who better then to give us some insights into sustainable travel post-Covid-19? For more information and to book your dream holiday go to www.zubludiving.com


This pandemic has naturally led to a questions about what the world will look like when everything is back to normal, environmental recovery included. When travel gradually picks back up, can we sustain the benefits we’ve seen emerge over the past several weeks?

Q. What will the future of travel look like from the standpoint of protecting the environment, especially places that have recovered during these past few months from fewer tourists?

A. Let’s not forget that prior to the coronavirus, the importance of more sustainable travel was already a hot topic. Major cities in Europe, such as Barcelona and Venice, were struggling under the weight of mass tourism. Destinations such as Boracay in the Philippines and Maya Beach in Thailand (made famous by the film ‘The Beach’) were both closed to tourists for a period, to allow the environment time to breathe and recover.

But, as the news of ecosystem recovery without our presence increases, be it fish in the canals of Venice or turtles nesting on the beaches of India, so increases our awareness of the impact we have. Will this awareness lead to a change in behaviour?

A 2019 survey by Booking.com showed that “55% of global travelers report being more determined to make sustainable travel choices than they were a year ago, but barriers include a lack of knowledge and available or appealing options when trying to put this into practice”. So, the demand to travel differently is there – and it falls to those that facilitate travel to provide customers with the right information and opportunities.

Q. What environmentally-friendly trends will come from this time of no travel that will gain strength and continue on even when travel picks back up? (e.g. domestic travel, slow travel, limiting non-essential business travel, etc.)

A. A change in the way we travel is naturally going to be driven by adjusted purchasing power as we continue to endure a global economic shock, as well as ongoing health and health security concerns.

Type of travel

As we all adapt to remote working, non-essential business travel ceases to exist. Population-dense holiday experiences, such as cruises and theme parks, will take a long time to rebound, arguably, until there is a reliable Covid-19 vaccine in place. Going forward, we believe travelers will seek out experiences that are ‘off-the-beaten-path’ and away from mass crowds. We also anticipate that experiential travel will be the focus, with holidaymakers looking for truly memorable experiences, while the travel dollar will be spent less frivolously and more consciously.

Travel trends

The anti-plastic movement was in full swing pre-coronavirus and this will continue its upward-curve. With nervousness around people-heavy travel, such as public transport and flights, travellers will also be more self-dependent with their travel supplies and opt for bringing their own water, snacks etc.

We are also enjoying a period of social solidarity as we appreciate the incredible actions of those on the front-lines protecting and supporting our communities. One can hope that for travel moving forwards, social media influence and engagement will be driven by the positive actions taken by individuals, rather than simply focusing on the destination a person visits. I, for one, would welcome a world where Instagram feeds were less about floating breakfasts and behind-the-scenes queues of people waiting to capture that ‘unique’ shot, and more about how people are making a positive difference to a new culture or community.

As Jeff Greenwald of Ethical Traveler notes, “Travel can drive the way countries treat their citizens, indigenous peoples, wildlife, and the environment. This means that travelers have enormous power. Where we put our footprints has reverberations reaching far beyond our personal experience.” So, make positive travel choices and have a positive impact on the destinations you visit. That will be more worthy of a like and a follow, both now and in the years to come.

Q. What actions can travelers personally take on trips to continue this environmental protection and recovery as they start to travel again?

A. I’m going to talk specifically about ZuBlu’s area of expertise here. When it comes to supporting and engaging with the marine environment better, travellers can:

Choose more sustainable and eco-friendly resorts and operators.

Stay in hotels and dive with operators that are proud of what they do for the environment and are prepared to stand up for what they believe in. There are plenty to choose from in the dive industry and guests can vote with their wallets. Wherever you stay, make a point and say no to straws, or ask for water refills. If you don’t need your towels and bed sheets changing, tell the staff – they don’t need changing everyday, so save on water and reduce your carbon-footprint at the same time.

Calculate your footprint and carbon offsets.

It is now very easy to offset your carbon footprint when flying, but when you arrive at your destination, you’ll need to travel from the airport to your resort, and whilst we would always recommend walking or cycling, it is not always possible with a heavy suitcase. A more realistic alternative is to use a shared taxi or public transport, helping to keep your carbon footprint to a minimum. This will keep your personal costs down, too.

Pack light

The less weight you are packing, the less carbon you are responsible for.

Buy and eat local food

Eating salmon on a beach in the Maldives might sound appealing, but you can guarantee that the fish has been flown in from somewhere else and carries with it, a high carbon footprint. Eat local food and buy local produce whenever you can.

Reduce your waste whenever possible and try to avoid single-use plastic items.

Bring a reusable water bottle along or buy one when you get to your destination. Pack a lightweight, reusable cloth bag for shopping – there is no need for endless plastic bags. Find out where you can refill your water bottle, or failing that, buy a young coconut! If you are in Bali, you can use RefillMyBottle to find a nearby water refill station.

Use reef-safe products

Standard suncreams and hair products contain chemicals that are extremely toxic to coral reefs and marine life. Choose products such as Stream2Sea, a company that also provide a great overview of ingredients to avoid.

Do fewer trips per year and stay for longer

Make the most of your time and carbon outlay from the flight. Perhaps plan to visit two or three destinations back-to-back on one long trip. Locations such as the Philippines or the islands of Indonesia are perfect for this type of extended holiday.

Q. What are some actions that travel-oriented businesses (e.g. hotels, airlines, tour operators, etc.) might take to aid this environmental recovery long-term?

A. The demand for improvement and change is present. There is so much that travel-oriented businesses can do. Specifically for the marine travel sector, businesses need to focus on two things; sharing knowledge and providing opportunities.

The dive industry is one of the most environmentally-sensitive sectors in travel and there are many operators, resorts and dive centres that are making significant steps to conserve their local environment and ensure their business is as sustainable as possible. But, information about what these companies are doing is often hard to discover, and it can be difficult to compare different places.

When it comes to opportunities, ZuBlu is very selective about the operators and resorts we partner with to ensure that our guests can live by our motto – explore the blue, stay green. We also work very closely with conservation organisations and NGOs to offer more eco-ventures and citizen-science experiences. Through ZuBlu, eco-conscious travelers can actively learn to plant a coral reef, protect a nesting turtle sanctuary, or join blue whale research expeditions.

To aid in education, we have partnered with organisations such as The Reef World Foundation and Manta Trust, to help educate our guests on how to be more responsible divers and learn how to interact with marine life correctly. One terrifying fact is that on average, 88% of scuba divers touch the reef once per dive, and that is something we need to change, fast. This responsibility falls heavily on the tour operators to enforce the correct practices and provide additional training as required.

Q. What kinds of policies might come about to protect destinations long-term? (For instance, some destinations had previously implanted policies or fees aimed at visiting tourists to lessen crowds. The island of Boracay was closed in 2018, Venice started charging fees to day trippers, among others etc.)

A. A quote by Dave Barry seems rather fitting when we consider the change in marine-based tourism moving forwards.

”There’s nothing wrong with enjoying looking at the surface of the ocean itself, except that when you finally see what goes on underwater, you realise that you’ve been missing the whole point of the ocean.”

Throughout history, man’s relationship with our oceans has been purely selfish. We have continuously harvested from this supposedly limitless resource. Billions of people now rely on the ocean for sustenance and economic support. However, as we become more aware of the beauty and wonder beneath the surface, the more value and effort we put towards its protection and future sustainability.

Although tourism can have negative impacts on the ocean, when managed correctly, it can also be used for good. The economic benefits of marine-tourism have helped reduce eco-system destabilising fishing techniques, such as fish bombing and shark finning. Nowadays, a shark or manta ray is worth more alive than it is dead, and this is because of tourism.

As governments become more aware of this and appreciate the value of the blue economy, we will definitely see increased protection policies for destinations – such as this example in the Seychelles – be it temporary closures or fees to support conservation efforts.



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We Need NOAA to Keep Fishing Communities Strong

The United States has long recognized the link between our ocean and our economy. For nearly 50 years, bipartisan congressional leadership h...